Oceans
Oceans
The oceans, seas and coasts are under severe strain. Some 250 million people earn their living from fishing, up to 70% of humans rely on fish as their primary source of protein, and more than 90% of our trade is carried by shipping – and yet, less than 1% of the world’s seas are protected.
The results of such pressures have been devastating:
- three-quarters of fish stocks are now fished at or beyond sustainable limits
- every year millions of tonnes of bycatch, including 300,000 mammals, are caught accidentally
- some 10% of coral reefs may now be damaged beyond recovery
- in England and Wales, 75% of our salt marshes – an important home for wildlife, and a useful barrier against severe weather – have been lost.
WWF works with the fishing industry and other businesses, as well as government and local communities – in the UK, EU and globally – to safeguard marine wildlife, the natural environment and the livelihoods of people who depend on the oceans for their well-being.
UK
We are campaigning to introduce UK and Scottish Marine Acts that protect the UK’s marine wildlife and ecosystems, and manage the growing pressure of human activities. We are also working with retailers and the fish processing industry to ensure they obtain their wild-caught fish from sustainable sources.
Europe
We are seeking to influence two forms of EU legislation – the Common Fisheries Policy and the Marine Strategy Directive – which govern the way the seas are managed and exploited. The laws need to consider the needs of the whole marine ecosystem rather than focus on individual human activities such as fishing.
Arctic
The Arctic faces serious pressures from the impacts of climate change and potentially damaging human activities including illegal fishing, oil and gas development, and shipping. We are working to protect key habitats, close sensitive areas to the oil and gas industry, and ensure fishing is managed sustainably.
Antarctic
Climate change, pirate fishing and marine pollution are just some of the threats facing Antarctica, the surrounding Southern Ocean and the many millions of creatures who live there. We are trying to safeguard the region in a number of ways – including the creation of a 2,000,000 sq km network of protected areas in the Southern Ocean.
Meso-American Reef
We are seeking to safeguard coastal communities and coral reefs in this region from the effects of climate change. Declining or depleted fisheries, habitat degradation or loss, and declining water quality are among our main concerns.
South Pacific
More than half the world’s coral reef species can be found in an area called the Coral Triangle which the South Pacific is part of. We want to protect the spectacular biodiversity of the marine environment and provide sustainable benefits for coastal communities.
Western Indian Ocean
We are working with governments and coastal communities to secure a healthy marine environment in some 4,600 sq km of East African coastal waters. The open waters, coral reefs, mud flats, rocky shores, seagrass beds and mangrove forests support a rich variety of marine life that need urgent protection.
Useful links
Latest news
WWF sets sail around the world
Leading yachtsman Mike Golding will be flying the flag for marine conservation when he sets sail in the Vendée Globe round-the-world yacht race on 9 November.
Pirates taking heavy toll of toothfish
The future of the Patagonian and Antarctic toothfish, along with the highly valuable fishery concentrated in the Southern Ocean, are under significant pressure from illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing.
Norway takes lead in tackling problem of discarded fish
The EU must ban fishermen from throwing unwanted fish overboard if European stocks are to recover, according to a new WWF report.
